99 articles
Vegetables are an important aspect of not only a healthy diet but also a low-carb diet. Although, the trick is to know which veggies make it on the do eat and which ones don’t. Different veggies have different carb counts which explains why some are keto while others are not. On healthy low carb diets […]
Fruits are a part of every healthy diet. This is because they are high in minerals and vitamins that are essential for your overall health. However, some fruits may not fit into other diets for weight loss. Healthy low-carb diets like the ketogenic diet restrict the consumption of some types of fruits. This is because […]
People have embraced exercising as a way of managing their body weight. This method has become effective for shedding off pounds since it boosts metabolic rate which increases calorie burning. The more you get used to exercising on your diet, the higher your chances of smashing your weight goals. However, at times you dread waking […]
Animal-based proteins are known to be the richest sources of protein. This is because they are complete proteins that provide your body with essential amino acids it cannot make on its own but must get from the diet. These types of foods are also advocated for on low-carb diets because of their lower carb count. […]
Being a newbie in the streets of keto dieting can be very challenging, especially sniffing out the right products to use to stay within your recommended carb limit. The good news is thanks to the world of creativity you don’t have to ditch your favorite recipes due to high-carb ingredients. Baking seems off the table […]
The keto diet is very specific on the grams of carbs consumed per day. This is because the diet relies on ketosis to promote fat burning. So, your food choices have to be low-carb to achieve this. Although milk is not allowed on the keto diet, high-fat dairy products are allowed. Cheese can be the […]
When eating keto, you may be limited to certain foods and ingredient lists. Some of your favorite foods may be off-limits. This is because of their high carb content which prevents you from entering the fat-burning phase. It is important to get creatives and find low-carb variations of your favorite foods, so you don’t feel […]
Fruits are a part of every healthy diet. But sometimes we get too preoccupied that we forget to grab our fruit a day to keep the doctor away. Others on healthy low-carb diets or the ketogenic diet are quite limited in the fruit aisle because of these foods’ high sugar content. For convenience purposes, people […]
People with diabetes suffer from struggle with controlling their blood sugar. The different types of diabetes can bring about the issue of controlling blood sugar levels. Pregnant women can develop gestational diabetes due to weight gain during pregnancy. This leads to obesity, a risk factor for diabetes. Gestational diabetes causes an auto-immune disease destroying cells […]
Healthy low-carb diets or a ketogenic diet can be exactly what you’re looking for in your weight loss journey. Diet, paired with increased activity levels, will ensure a healthy weight loss towards your goal. But how does the rate of losing weight work? The rate at which you lose weight is dependent on your physical […]
Many diets have come up over the years in the hope of assisting people with losing weight. We have tried low-fat diets, low-carb diets, high-protein diets, and high-fat diets. The low-carb, high fat diet for weight loss is very beneficial, for more than just weight maintenance. A low-carb, high-fat diet also referred to as a […]
Healthy low-carb diets require you to track your carb intake to ensure you stay in ketosis. Ketosis is a fat-burning state with so many potential health benefits to your body. Your carb allowance on the keto diet ranges between 20-50 grams of carbs per day. These diets are generally low-carb, moderate protein, and high-fat diets. […]
The ketogenic diet is among the healthy low-carb diets that have gained popularity over the years. People trying to lose weight, regulate their blood sugar levels and attain mental clarity all vouch for the keto diet. Now you want to join the team! But before all the wonderful health benefits are attained, you’re curious about […]
Fruits are an important addition to your daily diet thanks to the essential nutrients they contain. A good example of fruits that most healthcare professionals advocate for is citrus fruits. Citrus fruits include mandarins, oranges, limes, grapefruits, and lemons. Why are we so focused on the lemon fruits today? This versatile fruit deserves to be […]
Being on the ketogenic diet or healthy low-carb diets has proven to be effective for weight loss. But at some point, your body will be adapted to using fat instead of glucose and calorie deficits. Your metabolic rate will slow down leading to a weight loss stall. Consuming more calories than you need could cause […]
Making your own food is the best choice for a low-carb diet. This is because you have control over the ingredients you use to make your keto foods and you can exercise better portion control. The keto diet comes with some strict dos and don’ts and it may be safe to just stay home to […]
We have had an in-depth discussion of the keto diet and how we need to keep our carb counts low. It has also been mentioned times without a number of the types of foods to consume on low-carb diets to stay within the recommended carb limit. Foods like nuts and seeds, high-quality animal-based proteins, high-fat […]
When it comes to eating a low-carb diet, you need to pay attention to your carb intake. Popular foods that most people consume on the regular 2,000-calorie diet may not fit into your carb-restricted diet. Today, we will look at one of the usuals in your daily diet and how many carbs are in different […]
To lose weight following a low-carb and low-calorie diet is essential to ensure there’s a caloric deficit. Some foods you consume on your daily diet may not classify as low in calories or carbs. It’s yet another day to see whether one of the common foods we consume fits into our diet. Still in the […]
Having a nutritious meal is important to maintain optimum health. Oatmeal is a go-to breakfast for many reasons. It is not only a healthy whole grain choice but also convenient (instant oatmeal) on those busy mornings when you don’t have time to whip yourself something. However, we know that on a low-carb or keto diet, […]
Balance is key when it comes to nutrient consumption. However, different individuals have different requirements depending on their health status and goals. Macronutrient ratios are key in a healthy diet to ensure you meet your goals and your body is at its best. Today’s focus is on the grams of protein in food chart. Why […]
Does counting carbs mean that you have to keep off all the tasty treats? Are there low-carb treats you can have within your reach when cravings kick in? You already know that there are low calories sugar that can be used in low carb candy that will not spike your blood sugar. In the spirit […]
A high sugar intake has an impact on your blood sugar levels. Consuming table sugar and other sugary foods will spike your blood glucose levels and increase insulin release. For people with diabetes, this is not a good thing. But, does this mean that people who cannot control their blood sugar or those on diets […]
Low-carb diets call for lowering carb intake. In these diets, you count the net carbs consumed because they are what impact your blood sugar levels. Despite the health benefits of corn, whether it is yellow corn or sweet corn, knowing the number of net carbs will enable you to know whether to consume it on […]
Whether you are a pro on the keto diet or a newbie, one thing is crystal clear, you’re restricting carb intake and increasing fat and protein intake. This is meant to deprive your body of glucose (derived from carbs), so your body can use fat for fuel. This process is referred to as ketosis. Okay, […]
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, meaning to stay healthy, you have to keep your health in check. There are many ways to lose the extra pounds, but the most effective way is through your diet. Picking the right foods to eat will ensure you stay within the recommended weight avoiding diseases […]
There have been so many diets that have come up with the hope of achieving different health goals. Whether your goal is weight loss, blood sugar regulation, or cholesterol regulation, the balance of all macronutrients is key. Completely removing a macronutrient from your diet is wrong and could lead to micronutrient deficiencies. Since we are […]
Sugar has had bad press over the years because it has been associated with inflammation, a major risk factor for chronic disease. People with metabolic syndromes like diabetes have also been asked to reduce their sugar intake to manage blood sugar levels. People trying to lose weight have also been told that keeping off sugar […]
We have discussed the ketogenic diet in detail and know the rule of thumb is going for high-fat, moderate protein, and low-carbohydrate foods. If a food has a high carbohydrate content, it’s got to go. Many focus on the healthy fat and low carbohydrate aspect of the keto diet but allow me to shift our […]
The World Health Organization reports that 422 million people are diabetic. Diabetes accounts for 1.5 million deaths. The numbers have increased over the years and will keep rising due to the rise in diabetes risk factors. Organizations worldwide are pushing to ensure the numbers reduce 50% by 2025. Uncontrolled blood sugar, if not taken care […]
The ketogenic diet comes with very many modifications to meet the various nutrition requirements people put up to meet their goals. When on a low-carb diet, you need to maximize proteins and healthy fats as energy sources since you are on carb restrictions. Most people on a weight loss stall opt to focus on these […]
With keto, it’s all about your carb intake to enable you to stay in ketosis. The high sugar content of most fruits is why they are not recommended on the keto diet. Sugar can spike glucose levels kicking you out of ketosis. It doesn’t matter which of the ketogenic diets you follow, the aspect of […]
When eating keto, you have to pick the right foods that fit into either the low carbohydrate, high fat, or moderate protein criteria. The amount of macros you get from a food should not exceed a certain percentage of your daily value so you are considered to be eating right. The general nutrition advice suggests […]
Knowing the carb content of foods while on the ketogenic diet will ensure you stay within your carb limit. The keto diet has a carb limit of 20-50 g per day. This is to promote fat burning through ketosis, a process that metabolizes fats to produce ketones for energy. Most keto foods have a low […]
When eating keto, your carb count is an important aspect of the diet. How many carbs you consume will determine whether you are keto dieting right or not. The carb count of a food will determine whether it’s low carb and if it qualifies as keto friendly. These foods usually are low in net carbs […]
The keto diet has been in the spotlight for its weight loss benefits. What you need to pay attention to is your macronutrient ratio, to find a good balance to help you lose weight. These macronutrient ratios are highly dependent on your goals, whether they are to lose weight, muscle building, weight gain, or for […]
We all have different goals and desires when it comes to our appearance. Some people are interested in losing weight on low-carb diets and others are on intermittent low-carb diets. Others focus on keto and exercise for muscle building to boost their health and appearance. What is your desire? Yours could be promoting hair growth, […]
On a keto diet, low-carb high-fat foods are a priority. Dairy products are allowed on the keto diet because of their high-fat content. Among those allowed on a low-carb diet are cheeses, one of the most beloved forms of dairy. The net carbs in cheeses are what makes them keto-friendly. However, not all cheese is […]
Most people with diabetes usually struggle with hyperglycemia, which is an elevated blood sugar level. This is why when you check your blood sugar in the morning, and find they are within normal range or lower you are relieved. But, should you be? Low blood sugar is often not paid attention to because diabetics expect […]
When you google the best ways to lose weight, you won’t miss an answer on increasing physical activity and diet. There are several ways you can increase your physical activity from simple day-to-day movements to high-intensity exercise. All these energy demands mean you will be burning calories. In terms of diet, you will not miss […]
Eating the right food on a low-carb diet is important to ensure you do not exceed carb limits. With most carbs being prohibited, we need to take a step back and look at alternatives that will not affect our blood sugar. On a keto diet, counting carbs is essential. You have to know the number […]
When on a low-carb, high-fat diet, your carb intake is mainly from non-starchy vegetables that will not spike your blood sugars and kick you out of ketosis. Green vegetables are recommended because other than being low in carbs, they are rich in a variety of essential nutrients needed for body function. One of the vegetables […]
When following low-carb diets, we are too quick to focus on the net carbs and total carbohydrates we consume, because this is what we know affects our blood sugar. But is there more to low-carb foods than the starches and sugars in the diet? Today, we want to look into the different types of carbohydrates […]
They are one of the most popularly eaten vegetables in vegetarian and plant-based diets. Cucumbers are a must-have in salads or veggie wraps. But even as you take a bite, have you ever wondered, what are the health benefits of eating cucumbers? Well, I wondered for you, and here we are! Let’s take a look […]
What is that they say about forbidden fruits being the sweetest kind? Well in the case of the keto diet, this saying could be both literal and figurative. It does not come as a surprise that you will start having carb cravings when following a strict ketogenic diet. Longer periods of fasting have gotten many […]
So much has been said about the ketogenic diet and its success stories are all over the internet. Low-carb diets have gained popularity over the years for weight loss, and now people are following them for other health benefits. I’m not surprised that after all you have seen and heard, you want to jump on […]
Cow’s milk is not keto-friendly because of the high amounts of lactose, a carbohydrate, that it contains. In addition, milk can trigger an allergic reaction in lactose-intolerant individuals and should be avoided. Not all milk is keto-friendly. Low-carb diets allow for high-fat and low-carb dairy products that will not kick you out of ketosis. Products […]
Low-carb diets come with a couple of dos and don’ts, you may have to say bye-bye to your favorite foods, or you may be lucky enough to have most of what you like as keto foods. But the best part about the keto diet is if you can’t have it, there’s a healthier alternative for […]
I can feel the shock on this side from most of my readers because today we are taking a different turn. When people hear blood pressure, it is associated with high blood pressure, an elevated blood pressure. Why high blood pressure is the talk of the town? Because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular […]
More than 94 million adults above 20 suffer from high cholesterol levels and 7% of children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 suffer from high cholesterol in the USA. Seventeen percent of adults with a high total lipid level had low amounts of high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) Having high cholesterol levels is a major risk […]
Worldwide, we eat 197 million chickens a day. In the USA, chicken is consumed more than beef or pork. It is one of the most versatile meats making it the preferred meat option. The ketogenic diet demands low-carb, high-fat, and moderate protein intake. When eating keto high-carb foods are avoided and so are sugary condiments […]
When eating keto, there are strict do’s and don’ts you must abide by, or else you will not be keto dieting right. The basic rule of a keto diet is, if it’s low carb, it’s a yes, while high carb content foods get a no. Keto dieters who are carb-counting need to know which food […]
You are probably wondering if your favorite sauce is keto friendly. Sushi hits differently when soy sauce comes into play, but is soy sauce keto friendly? Will taking soy sauce kick you out of ketosis? Can you eat soy sauce on a low-carb diet? In today’s article, we will look at soy sauce’s nutritional facts, […]
It’s no secret that hypertension requires some significant lifestyle changes, especially dietary changes, making you feel like all your favorite foods are suddenly off-limits. What’s more frustrating is how much contradictory information is out there on good and bad foods for hypertension. You want to know if your favorite seafood can raise your blood pressure. […]
There are many relationships that people have in this life, but your relationship with food is the most constant and longest. The kind of foods you eat, how frequently you eat them, and how much you eat can go a long way in determining your health. Many people struggle with maintaining a healthy relationship with […]
When eating keto, salads made from low-carb vegetables are your go-to meal. There are dos and don’ts you must follow to ensure that you are keto dieting right. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carb diet. Non-starchy vegetables will cover the low-carb aspect, but how will you ensure that 70% to 80% of your calories […]
Since time immemorial the importance of eating fruits has been shouted from the high heavens. Fruits contain vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber necessary for the proper function of the body. Nutritionists and dietitians have made it clear that fruits are part of a healthy diet. People with weight loss goals or those with metabolic syndrome […]
The average American drinks 3 cups of coffee in a day, with coffee being ranked as the most consumed beverage in America. How many cups of coffee do you have in a day? Fun fact, America is the number one consumer of coffee in the world. However, the 3 cups consumed in a day by […]
The thing I love most about the ketogenic diet is that I can still feed the carnivore in me. Meat lovers get it! As long as you are choosing fresh meat, poultry, and sea foods rich in healthy fats over processed varieties, you are good to go. One thing most people are worried about is […]
When eating keto, you are required to eat a high-fat, low-carb diet. Some many dos and don’ts come with the keto diet. You need to pay attention to how many carbs you are consuming to remain in ketosis. Most of the fat we consume on a keto diet is from animal products like fresh meats, […]
Eating keto comes with very many health benefits like maintaining a healthy weight, improved insulin resistance, better brain and cognitive function, and improved heart health. But you can only reap these benefits if you are keto dieting right! The keto diet advocates for eating fresh whole foods, and supports making your food at home over […]
Our diet today is associated with high carbohydrate intake considering our processed and convenient food intake. According to the Centers for Disease Control, all the states of the USA have an obesity rate above 20%, while 17 of them have a rate of 35%. Statistics show that more than two-thirds of the adult population in […]
One question I get as a health coach and a keto diet enthusiast is, can keto diet cause ketoacidosis? Many people reading and hearing testimonies of what reducing carbohydrate intake and a high-fat diet can do for you, tend to incline towards going keto. And I mean, why not! But more often than not they […]
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increasing due to the poor lifestyle choices people are making these days. Your diet plays a big role in the development of heart disease. Once you are suffering from or at risk of heart disease, many dietary limitations are put in place to reduce the risk factors associated with […]
The ketogenic diet has gained popularity over the years thanks to its health benefits of promoting weight loss, lowering blood pressure, and enhancing brain and cognitive function. When we talk keto diet, our main focus is on its effects on insulin resistance. The ketogenic diet’s benefit of improving insulin resistance is what has attracted attention […]
The keto diet limits food intake to low-carb, high-fat foods that can help deplete glucose and trigger ketosis. One of the foods you can enjoy on keto is Greek yogurt. This is because this yogurt is high in fat, contains fewer net carbs, and has no added sugar. The taste of this yogurt can be […]
Green tea does not need any hype, because it has been in the headlines and the spotlight since time immemorial. It has been labeled the “golden key” to many health benefits like weight reduction, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, and promoting cognitive function. High blood pressure or hypertension is also not a new term […]
There are so many diets that have been considered healthy. What you choose to eat contributes to your overall health. The quality of your food plays a significant role in improving your overall health. An important nutrient for your health is cholesterol. You could be skeptical about this considering the bad press cholesterol has gotten […]
The ketogenic diet is one of the low-carb diets, that replaces your energy source with fats. Ketogenic diets are popular for weight loss since they trigger the body into a state of ketosis, which promotes fat burning. But for your body to burn fat for energy, you have to deplete your glycogen stores. In this […]
If you are hypertensive (suffering from high blood pressure) and are wondering how do I naturally lower my blood pressure without using the medication, then you are in the right place. You may also be a caregiver to a hypertensive patient wondering if their dietary approaches or physical activity can lower blood pressure. I have […]
Once you decide to go keto, there are a lot of dos and don’ts that come with keto dieting right. Most fruits, whole grains, and processed foods are a no-no, which may seem like a bummer at first. But once you start reaping the benefits of your keto diet, all these dietary restrictions are worth […]
Your diet plays a big role in body functions. There’s usually a big fuss, especially on dietary fats and oils you use to cook and dress your salads. Many heart experts also emphasize avoiding trans fats and moderating saturated fats consumption because they are cardiovascular risk factors. When talking coconut oil, there are many products […]
For people struggling to lose weight, finding a healthy way to help them reach and maintain a healthy weight is the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. Many methods have surfaced from workouts, weight loss pills, restrictive diets, and surgical procedures to promote weight loss. Reducing your caloric intake by intermittent fasting […]
What is your favorite part of catching the flu? Despite the running nose, I do love the steaming hot broth that I use as a remedy to unblock my stuffy nose. Nowadays, broths are not only used for running noses but some restaurants serve them on their menus as appetizers and beverages. You don’t have […]
Have you heard that healthy blood sugar levels are essential for overall health? If so, are you aware of the best ways to do this and the kinds of foods you should eat or avoid if you want to keep your blood sugar levels under control? We’ll cover all the information you need to know […]
Being on a keto diet means eating healthy fats and low-carb foods. Since most fruits, legumes, and whole grains are restricted, you need to know which foods you are allowed to consume. Today’s question is, are artichokes keto friendly? Yes, Artichokes are keto-friendly. However, there are other better low-carb vegetables like cauliflower, broccoli, and asparagus. […]
Do you know what makes a perfect addition to your Keto diet? Unsweetened tea! Not only is it delicious, but it’s also packed with antioxidants and can aid in weight loss. Plus, it’s a great way to increase your daily water intake. I come from the lakeside and when I wake up in the morning, […]
Are you on the Keto diet and questioning if the pineapple is allowed? No worries, my fellow Keto dieters! In this article, we’ll dive deep into the juicy topic of whether pineapple is Keto-friendly, spill the tea on nutrition facts and the carb count of pineapples, and even dish out some tasty alternatives for those […]
Vegetables are a significant addition to your keto diet. Keto foods are chosen because they are low carb, providing inadequate glucose for the body, which forces the body into ketosis. Knowing the type of vegetables to eat on keto is important to ensure you stay within your carbohydrate limit. One of the vegetables allowed on […]
The ketogenic diet demands carb restrictions, meaning you have to pick food that has a low carb count. You are also expected to get 70% to 80% of your calories from fats since it is a high-fat diet. This means besides low-carb keto foods, you should also incorporate foods rich in healthy fats into your […]
Have you ever wondered if olive oil is Keto-friendly? It’s a common question among those following the ketogenic diet so you’re not alone in this. You’ve probably seen your favorite chef using Olive Oil to prepare your favorite delicious meal. But is Olive Oil truly Keto-approved? In this article, we’re going to break down the […]
The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carb diet that has gained popularity in recent years, has been shown to have several potential health benefits. The breakdown of macronutrients in this diet typically looks like 55-60% fat, 30-35% protein, and 5-10% carbohydrates. For example, in a daily intake of 2000 calories, the carbohydrate intake would be limited […]
Are you Keto-curious or a fan of hummus? If so, you might be wondering if this tasty dip can fit into your Keto diet. Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered. In this article, we will delve into the nutritional content of hummus like how many carbs does a typical hummus has and also we’ll discuss […]
Keto net carbs or total carbs? If you really want to stir up trouble in the world of keto, just raise the topic of total carbs vs. net carbs. The body breaks them down into single sugar units that can be absorbed – this is a well known fact. But things start to get a […]
How Much Does Keto Cost? The keto lifestyle requires you to eat high fat and medium protein rich sources of food. Which means that you’ll have to spend some money meal planning and cooking. The entire process to lose body weight can run you anywhere from tens to hundreds of dollars depending on your food […]
What does 20 grams of carbs look like? Smart eating can be the difference between entering ketosis to lose weight and a scale that never seems to budge. You know carbs count when it comes to keto and it’s not always easy to calculate your daily carb intake for the day. Your daily macro ratios […]
Wondering how to lose weight fast keto? Research shows that keto is a powerful tool for helping you achieve and maintain your weight loss goals. The keto diet requires you to cut down on the carbs and increase your fat intake. This doesn’t mean that the keto diet is natural – it’s unnatural and can […]
One of the rarest things which can occur as a result of the keto diet is the keto rash. It develops in keto rash stages and can cause a lot of pain. This is an allergic reaction which develops as the body adjusts to the new normal. It’s not a food allergy, but it can […]
The ketogenic diet is the best diet plan out there to help with major and also minor health problems but also there is something about this diet plan that a lot of people either ignore or do not pay attention to it and that is why overcoming overeating problems. Now, overeating is a very sedentary […]
The keto diet is not only just a health trend or a diet that you take up for few months but people are giving it much more important than that and also it is a huge part of medical researches and studies. With the advancement in the medical society, the keto diet is also evolving some […]
A supplement is a dietary food that is becoming very common and useful to humans nowadays. It is an excellent source of getting a particular vitamin or mineral in its purest form to benefit the human body. Still, dietary supplements are not just limited to vitamin or mineral extracts. There are protein and fat versions […]
In old times, this diet was taken as a therapy for seizure disease. But many medical studies have suggested that this diet is very much suitable for losing weight and in the maintenance of blood sugar levels. So, keto is used more commonly as a diet plan rather than a therapy. Here in this article, we will […]
Being healthy is just not a statement, it is a very crucial and important thing for us. Focusing on our health should be our priority before anything else. As we all know that the world is surrounded by millions of diseases. If we are not conscious about our health, it can cause us major drawbacks […]
No matter what diet you adopt, everyone understands the importance of keeping hydrated. However, water consumption is more critical than ever during your low-carb journey. We’ll go over the value of sufficient water consumption on Keto and why you need more water on a low-carb diet in Keto. More importantly, does drinking water reduce ketones? […]
Trying to adopt a keto lifestyle? You should be aware of the dos and don’ts associated with various ketogenic diets. However, you might be curious if you should drink anything other than plain water. When it comes to keto drinks, plain sparkling water is the safest choice, but it isn’t the only one. [1, 2] In […]
Candida [1] is a yeast genus that lives in the human body and on the skin. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hundreds of yeast species can cause fungal infections if their numbers develop out of control or if they invade the bloodstream or other organs (CDC). This type of infection is […]
Most people starting a keto diet notice intense sugar cravings throughout the keto diet’s beginning stages. And the seasoned low-carb dieters can admit to falling victim to sugar cravings from time to time. “Using keto-friendly sweeteners [1] is a great way to please your sugar craving without forcing you out of ketosis.” For most “low […]
The keto diet is the most talked-about and popular diet of recent times. You are guaranteed to have heard of it at least once; maybe you have even tried it. From weight loss to an overall improvement in health, the ketogenic diet has numerous benefits – making it famous worldwide. What is the keto diet? The ketogenic […]
By understanding the carb limit on a keto it’s possible to attain nutritional ketosis, a natural metabolic state that has been strongly connected to improved blood glucose control, fat loss, mood control and more. Determining your carb limit on keto for beginners If you’re just beginning with keto, figuring out your macronutrient ratios may be […]
